Explore the options available to prevent pregnancy, both with and without synthetic hormones.
We’ll cover hormonal, non-hormonal, and natural contraceptive methods, their advantages and disadvantages, and how to choose the one that’s right for you.
Choosing the right birth control method today can feel overwhelming due to the many options available. Every woman has unique needs, and what works for one person may not be ideal for another.
In this article, we will look at the different alternatives for preventing pregnancy, both with and without synthetic hormones, to help you make an informed decision.
What’s the Best Option for Me?
Hormonal vs. Non-Hormonal Birth Control Methods
Hormonal birth control methods, like the pill, patch, vaginal ring, and hormonal IUD, are very popular because they are highly effective. These methods work by releasing synthetic hormones (estrogen, progestin, or both) that prevent ovulation or alter the uterine environment to avoid pregnancy. However, it’s important to understand that, although effective, these methods do not "regulate" the menstrual cycle, as is often believed.
The bleeding that many women experience while using hormonal methods is called "withdrawal bleeding." This is simply the body’s response to the interruption of hormones, not an actual menstrual period. Therefore, these methods do not restore hormonal balance or regulate the natural cycle. Still, for some women, they can be a convenient option if they want to prevent pregnancy with minimal daily effort.
However, not all women want to use hormones or can tolerate their side effects. Fortunately, effective natural methods also exist. So, how do you choose the best one for you?
To select the ideal birth control method, it’s key to understand the differences between hormonal and non-hormonal methods and their effects on the body. Below, we break down both categories to help you make a more informed decision.
Hormonal Birth Control Methods
These methods work by introducing synthetic hormones that regulate or suppress ovulation. They are known for their high effectiveness, but they can come with multiple potential side effects. Some methods can be invasive, and their insertion may be painful.
Birth Control Pill (combined or progestin-only)
Effectiveness: 91%-99%
Usage: Taken daily at the same time.
Side Effects: Nausea, mood changes, intermenstrual bleeding, withdrawal bleeding (which mimics a period but isn’t a real cycle).
Popular Brands: Yaz, Diane, Cerazette.
Birth Control Patch (Xulane)
Effectiveness: 91%-99%
Usage: Placed on the skin and changed weekly.
Side Effects: Skin irritation, headaches, fluid retention.
Vaginal Ring (NuvaRing)
Effectiveness: 91%-99%
Usage: Inserted in the vagina and replaced every 3 weeks.
Side Effects: Intermenstrual bleeding, nausea, headaches.
Birth Control Injection (Depo-Provera)
Effectiveness: 94%-99%
Usage: Given every three months in the arm or buttock.
Side Effects: Weight gain, irregular bleeding, decreased bone density.
Birth Control Implant (Nexplanon)
Effectiveness: Over 99%
Usage: Inserted under the skin of the arm and releases hormones. Lasts up to 3 years.
Side Effects: Irregular bleeding, weight gain, acne.
Hormonal IUD (Mirena, Skyla, Kyleena)
Effectiveness: Over 99%
Usage: Placed in the uterus and releases small doses of hormones that thicken cervical mucus and prevent ovulation in some women.
Side Effects: Irregular bleeding, headaches, mood changes.
You might wanna read: What is the difference between menstrual period and menstrual cycle?
IMPORTANT: Getting pregnant while using an IUD increases the risk of an ectopic pregnancy. An ectopic pregnancy occurs when the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in a fallopian tube.
Non-Hormonal Birth Control Methods
These methods do not interfere with the natural menstrual cycle or the body's hormones. They are ideal for those looking for options without hormonal side effects. However, they may still have non-hormonal side effects and can be invasive.
Copper IUD (Paragard)
Effectiveness: Over 99%
Usage: A small "T"-shaped device placed in the uterus. Releases copper ions that create an environment hostile to sperm.
Side Effects: Heavier bleeding and menstrual pain in the first months, without interference in natural hormones. 53% risk of ectopic pregnancy.
Differentiator: Unlike the hormonal IUD, this one doesn’t alter the natural cycle and can be used as emergency contraception.
Male Condom
Effectiveness: 85%-98%
Usage: Placed on the erect penis before sexual contact.
Side Effects: Latex allergies occur in some cases, but generally, there are no hormonal side effects.
Female Condom
Effectiveness: 79%-95%
Usage: Inserted into the vagina before sexual contact.
Side Effects: Vaginal irritation, but no hormonal changes.
Diaphragm and Cervical Cap
Effectiveness: 71%-88%
Usage: Placed in the vagina to cover the cervix. It must be used with spermicide.
Side Effects: Vaginal irritation or risk of urinary tract infections, without altering the natural cycle.
Emergency Contraceptive Pill (Plan B, Ella)
Effectiveness: 58%-94%, depending on when it's taken.
Usage: Taken within 72 hours after unprotected sex.
Side Effects: Nausea, fatigue, irregular bleeding.
IMPORTANT: Condoms are the only method that prevents both pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). For greater effectiveness, it’s recommended to use condoms along with another method.
Natural Methods: Knowing Your Body for Informed Decisions
If you prefer to avoid synthetic hormones and other non-hormonal devices, natural methods can be an excellent alternative.
Natural Family Planning (NFP) and Fertility Awareness-Based Methods (FABMs) allow women and couples to understand their fertility. Some of these methods are highly effective and empower women by fostering a deeper understanding of their menstrual cycle. By observing natural signs of fertility in the body, such as basal body temperature, cervical mucus, and the position of the cervix, these methods allow for accurate identification of fertile days.
Natural methods can help women feel a deeper connection with their bodies, leading to increased self-confidence and better reproductive health. Additionally, these methods incur no recurring costs and do not involve hormonal side effects, making them an attractive and sustainable choice for those seeking birth control options. Education on these methods can open up a world of possibilities and provide the freedom to make informed decisions about reproductive health.
On the other hand, FABMs include a wider range of techniques that can also involve hormonal monitoring and other technological tools like fertility monitors or LH tests.
Symptothermal Method
Effectiveness: About 99% when used correctly.
Usage: Combines two indicators (basal body temperature and cervical mucus) to identify fertile days.
Side Effects: None are directly associated; education and practice are required.
Ideal For: Women looking for a natural option and who have a regular menstrual cycle.
Cervical Mucus-Only Methods
Effectiveness: About 75-80% when used correctly.
Usage: Based on observing and recording cervical mucus throughout the menstrual cycle.
Side Effects: None significant, but may require adjustment to changes in mucus.
Ideal For: Women sensitive to changes in their bodies and who prefer hormone-free methods.
Smypto-Hormonal Monitoring Methods
Effectiveness: About 95-99% when applied correctly.
Usage: Combine cervical mucus observation with hormonal monitoring.
Side Effects: None are directly associated; education is requiredon using hormonal monitors.
Ideal For: Women who want high effectiveness and can dedicate time to hormonal tracking.
Calorimetric Methods (Not Usually Recommended)
Effectiveness: About 70-80%.
Usage: Daily measurement of body temperature throughout the menstrual cycle.
Side Effects: Can be uncomfortable and requires consistency; not as reliable.
Ideal For: Women who want to explore natural methods or start tracking their cycles, though not recommended as the main option.
Calendar-Only Methods (Not Usually Recommended)
Effectiveness: About 70%.
Usage: Predicts ovulation based on menstrual cycle calculations.
Side Effects: Offers low fertility control; doesn’t account for cycle variations.
Ideal For: Women who prefer a simpler approach, though it’s less effective.
Conclusion
Choosing the ideal birth control method is a personal and unique decision that requires reflection and knowledge. As you explore the various options available, it’s essential to consider which one fits best with your current life stage. Effectiveness, method of use, and potential side effects are factors to weigh carefully. Remember, you are not limited to one choice; you can switch and try different methods over time. However, it’s important to consider how these decisions may impact your future health.
Your body is wise and constantly sends you signals; learning to interpret those signals is crucial to informed and empowered reproductive health. We invite you to thoroughly research and explore which option best aligns with your beliefs and values.
Additional Resources
FACTS About Fertility: An organization that provides education and resources on fertility and natural family planning methods.
Mira Blog is dedicated to menstrual health and fertility, offering evidence-based information and practical resources.
ACOG (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists): A reliable source of information on reproductive health, contraception, and women's care, including guidelines and recommendations on contraceptive methods.
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Disclaimer:
This blog provides general information and discussions about health and related topics. The information shared on this website or in any linked materials should not be considered or used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. In the case of medical concerns, it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional for personalized guidance.
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